A baby's brain
contains an estimated 180 billion neurons at birth and weighs between 350 to
400 grams. An adult brain weighs between 1.3 & 1.4 kgs (or approximately 2%
of total body weight, based on a 70 kg individual)
At the age of
two (2), a child's brain contains twice as many synapses and consumes twice as
much energy as a normal adult.
The brain
continues to grow and develop in neuronal pathways until around the age of ten
(10). During the next few years, there is a diminution of weaker synapses and a
reinforcement of the stronger synapses.
There are
approximately 300 'known' neurotransmitters in the human body, though
other resources list as little as '60'.
The human eye
contains 125 million visual receptors (specialised neurons that turn light into
electrical signals for interpretation in the occipital lobe at the back of the
head).
The fluid
filled spiral shaped 'cochlea' in the inner ear contains 16.000
'hair cells' that respond to sound vibrations and then excite or stimulate some
28,000 fibres of the auditory nerve; allowing us to hear.
Human beings
have between 5,000 and 10,000 taste buds; each consisting of about 100
receptors, responding to four (4) types of stimuli (sweet, salty, sour,
bitter)
There are 12
million human 'olfactory' receptor cells (smell). Rabbits have about
100 million, dogs, 1 billion & 'bloodhounds' some 4 billion
cells.
The number of
'tactile' receptors (touch) in the hand is 17,000 with 1,300 nerve
endings per square inch.
The 'cerebral cortex' of the
human brain involves or contains between 15 to 33 billion neurons
(dependant upon gender &
age)
The number of
synapses for a 'typical' neuron is between 1,000 &
10,000
Approximately
one (1) billion synapses constitute one (1) cubic millimetre of
'Cerebral Cortex'.
The total
surface area of 100 billion neurons is equivelant to four (4) full size
football fields.
The percentage
of the total cerebral volume for each of the four (4) 'lobes' of the
brain are: 'frontal lobe' - 41%; 'temporal lobe' - 22%;
'parietal lobe' - 19% and 'occipital lobe' -
18%.
Approximately
30,000 neurons could easily fit on the head of a pin
The speed at
which neurotransmission occurs in the synapses of nerve pathways is less than
1/5000th of a second
Despite the brain being only approximately
2% of body weight, it consumes or receives 20% of total body
oxygen needs & supplies; 15% of cardiac output and 25% of TOTAL
glucose (used as food & energy)
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